MICROBIOLOGY OF CORONA VIRUS

 Coronaviruses are a group of RNA contagions that belong to the family Coronaviridae. They're enveloped contagions with a single- stranded, positive- sense RNA genome. 

The coronavirus genome is the largest among RNA contagions, ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases. The coronavirus flyspeck has a characteristic morphology, with harpoons on its face that give it the appearance of a crown, or" nimbus" in Latin. 

The harpoons are glycoproteins that play a pivotal part in the contagion's attachment to host cells and posterior entry into the cell. The coronavirus life cycle begins with attachment of the contagion flyspeck to the host cell membrane via the shaft protein. The contagion also enters the host cell by a process known as endocytosis, in which the host cell membrane engulfs the contagion flyspeck and forms a vesicle called an endosome. The contagion also uses its envelope proteins to fuse with the endosome membrane and release its genome into the host cell cytoplasm.

 Once inside the host cell, the coronavirus genome is restated into two large polyproteins that are reused by viral proteases into individual structural andnon-structural proteins. These proteins assemble into new contagion patches that are released from the infected cell by expiring through the host cell membrane. The mortal coronavirus family includes several contagions that beget respiratory illness, including the contagions that beget severe acute respiratory pattern( SARS), Middle East respiratory pattern( MERS), and COVID- 19.

 The COVID- 19 contagion, also known as SARS- CoV- 2, is the newest member of the coronavirus family to beget complaint in humans. COVID- 19 primarily infects cells in the respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, pharynx, and lungs. The contagion uses the angiotensin- converting enzyme 2( ACE2) receptor to gain entry into mortal cells. 

Once inside the host cell, the contagion can beget a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, including fever, cough, briefness of breath, fatigue, muscle pangs, and loss of taste or smell. COVID- 19 can also lead to more severe respiratory illness, similar as pneumonia, acute respiratory torture pattern( ARDS), and death. Understanding the microbiology of coronaviruses is pivotal for developing effective treatments and vaccines to combat these contagions.